"I hear and I forget
I see and I remember
I do and I understand"
The validity of the project method is
stressed by Jobey when she says "only in the act of doing does one
discover that the process is more important than the process is more
important than the product. It is in the process that the learning takes
place. Having had their own experience in creative expression, adults
become more sensitive teachers and more well-rounded persons" (Learning
and Teaching through the Senses, Westminister Press, Philadelphia) as
cited in Gagnel.
Project is defined by various
authors. Stevenson describes it as a problematic act carried to
completion in its natural setting, while Kilpatrick states that it is a
whole-hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social
environment. The ultimate project is the learning activity which is
problematic in nature aimed at a definite attainable goal, having
purposeful, natural, life like units procedure to attain the goal,
directed and planned by the student, practical in nature, with emphasis
on a single, complete unit of purposeful activity resulting in a
concrete achievement..
Types of projects:
Projects may be of two forms, individual or group. Edge divides project
into four categories: information, attitude, habit and service.
Values of projects:
There are many values of projects. Some of which are student
involvement heightens interest; it gives students freedom for thought
and action, provides for individual differences. A spirit of
cooperation etc. benefits are related to the two dimensions i.e. the
learning process which results which has values to the class/other
people.
Principles for effective use of the Project Method:
Preparation is key. The students should be involved in discussion of
objectives of the project; securing the participation of the group at
the planning stage to first phase of project is essential. Students
should be involved in discussion of objectives of the project: securing
the participation of the group at the planning stage is
essential. Students should be involved in planning which form the
project should take, the time frame the cost, the extent of its impact
on other people and how it will be evaluated . In the execution of the project, the teacher is on ever-present source of encouragement and resource; reminds the students of deadlines. The evaluation of the project,
is a critical look at the work done. The students and teacher decides
whether the project was successful whether it accomplished the goals set
for it and what areas are deficient.
Problems in the Project method:
There are many values for project
method. At the same time, there are problems too. Some of the problems
that are focused are that the project becomes an end in itself, at
times, and one forgets that it is primarily a teaching technique. To
overcome this, the project must be determined by the objectives of the
class; some times students loose interest as projects take a long time
to complete.
Using projects in Teaching Nursing:
Utilising the steps of the project
method effectively, several projects, individual and group can be used
as a teaching method. Information ,attitude ,habit and service project
can also be used. Some variations in the project method can also be
considered i.e. as described by Tauns.
A. Search-out - the experience of other projectB. Seek- the factors of an experience project
C. Observe - the experience project and
D. Go - through the experience project
Research done in Nursing on Project Method:
Several studies have been done to focus
on the validity of the project. Stanley (1989)examined how a project
based on the research process was effective in teaching nursing research
to post-basic registered nurses. The subjects described the practical
experience as the most enjoyable aspects and least enjoyable as
interpretations and writing up of results. Attitude to nursing research
and improved and or remained positive.
Conclusion: Project method is considered as a useful method of teaching learning in nursing and other sciences.
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